Market prospects of lithium-ion battery anode and cathode materials project
2021-07-22
(1) Introduction of Lithium Battery Lithium-ion batteries use carbon materials as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode. There is no metal lithium, only lithium ions, which is a lithium-ion battery. Lithium ion battery refers to the general term for batteries with lithium ion intercalation compound as the cathode material. The charging and discharging process of lithium ion batteries is the process of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. In the process of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, it is accompanied by the intercalation and deintercalation of electrons equivalent to lithium ions (the positive electrode is usually represented by insertion or deintercalation, and the negative electrode is represented by insertion or deintercalation). During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions are intercalated/deintercalated and intercalated back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes, which is vividly called the "rocking chair b attery". Lithium ion battery is a kind of rechargeable battery, which mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During the charging and discharging process, Li+ intercalates and deintercalates back and forth between the two electrodes: when recharging the battery, Li+ deintercalates from the positive electrode and inserts into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; the opposite is true during discharge. Generally, batteries that use materials containing lithium as electrodes are representative of modern high-performance batteries. Nowadays, lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium batteries are more common in the rechargeable battery market. The positive electrode of the lead-acid battery uses lead dioxide, the negative electrode uses spongy lead, and the electrolyte is a dilute sulfuric acid solution. The basic voltage of each unit is 2V. Reliable performance, low price, mature technology, but heavy quality, poor overcharge and overdischarge performance, easy to self-discharge, unsatisfactory specific energy, energy density and lifespan, difficulty in rapid charging, and heavy metals contained in waste batteries. It has been gradually replaced by other high-energy batteries. It is unlikely that it will be the mainstream power supply for energy vehicles. The laboratory data of the main technical indicators of nickel-metal hydride batteries are all lower than that of lithium batteries, and there is basically no room for improvement in theory. Although China is rich in hydrogen storage materials, its refining technology is not high, battery pack consistency is poor, and technical problems have not been broken so far. Moreover, the cost of nickel-hydrogen batteries has remained high. The battery of choice for the first generation of electric vehicles, the power battery is relatively mature, commercial feasibility is strong, but the space is not large. In the long run, it will be replaced by lithium batteries. Lithium batteries have large specific energy, high specific power, high charging and discharging efficiency, high power output density that can be quickly charged, and no memory effect. However, the preparation of lithium is more difficult, management and use are more complicated, and strict safety measures are required. At present, typical applications include notebook, mobile phone and other consumer electronic battery requirements. The migration from 2G networks to 3G networks, and then to 4G networks and 5G networks, has played a major role in driving the demand for lithium batteries. New energy vehicles will bring explosive demand for lithium-ion power batteries. Batteries are the heart of new energy vehicles and determine the competitiveness of new energy vehicles. The development strategy of new energy vehicles with hybrid power, plug-in hybrid power, and pure electric vehicles as the main power modes has become the consensus of the industry. At present, various countries, major enterprises, and related supporting systems are working hard to seize the commanding heights of the industry. The main application areas of lithium-ion energy storage batteries are smart grids, distributed power systems, wind and solar power generation systems, UPS power supplies, communication base stations, military backup power supplies, solar lights and lawn lights. Lithium batteries also have important applications in the field of energy storage. First of all, they can solve the problem of peak and valley regulation of grid electricity. Secondly, clean energy such as wind, solar, and tidal energy are all intermittent energy sources. Potassium energy storage equipment cooperates with the use of the above clean energy to store energy during power generation and release energy during the intermitte
